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Paul Spector

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

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Home Archive for  Research Methods

Category: Research Methods

Open Science Is No Panacea
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on January 31, 2023January 31, 2023

Open Science Is No Panacea

Like all human endeavors, science is flawed. There are biases, poor practices and downright fraud that undermine the integrity of … Continue reading >Open Science Is No Panacea

Theory Is Misused in Organizational Science
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on December 12, 2022December 13, 2022

Theory Is Misused in Organizational Science

If you read the academic literature in the organizational sciences, you will see the phrase “informed by theory…” It is … Continue reading >Theory Is Misused in Organizational Science

Statistical Control Is Academic Rigor Theater
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on July 5, 2022July 5, 2022

Statistical Control Is Academic Rigor Theater

The incorporation of statistical control variables into our analyses has been common practice in many social science fields including the … Continue reading >Statistical Control Is Academic Rigor Theater

The Weak Inference of Model Testing
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on June 6, 2022June 6, 2022

The Weak Inference of Model Testing

Modern research in the organizational and many other social sciences has become dominated by model testing. Models specify an order … Continue reading >The Weak Inference of Model Testing

Single-Item Measures Are Better Than You Think
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on May 17, 2022May 17, 2022

Single-Item Measures Are Better Than You Think

In 1992 I wrote a “Little Green Sage Series” book Summated Rating Scale Construction as an accessible guide to creating … Continue reading >Single-Item Measures Are Better Than You Think

Research Methods Determine Scientific Inference
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on April 4, 2022July 1, 2022

Research Methods Determine Scientific Inference

Of all the things I study, I am most passionate about research methods—doing research on how we do research. I … Continue reading >Research Methods Determine Scientific Inference

What Is a Meta-Analysis
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on December 7, 2021February 7, 2022

What Is a Meta-Analysis

Scientists often repeat studies to determine if they can be replicated, that is, if the same results can be found … Continue reading >What Is a Meta-Analysis

Three Types of Scientific Inference
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on September 8, 2021January 29, 2022

Three Types of Scientific Inference

When you break it down, science is about inference. Scientists collect information (data) in a systematic way and draw conclusions … Continue reading >Three Types of Scientific Inference

Did We Really Need a Study to Confirm the Obvious?
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on June 7, 2021September 8, 2022

Did We Really Need a Study to Confirm the Obvious?

Last week I blogged about a new study concerning work and suicide. I posted about it on social media and … Continue reading >Did We Really Need a Study to Confirm the Obvious?

Choosing Assessments for a Questionnaire Study
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on May 11, 2021September 8, 2022

Choosing Assessments for a Questionnaire Study

I do a lot of survey research. Many of the studies I do rely on people sharing their experiences. As … Continue reading >Choosing Assessments for a Questionnaire Study

Can Personality Destroy Test Validity?
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on April 6, 2021September 8, 2022

Can Personality Destroy Test Validity?

I recently read this article by Nancy Doyle who writes about neurodiversity for Forbes. She notes how neurodiverse people can … Continue reading >Can Personality Destroy Test Validity?

Exploration Is the Root of Great Science
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on November 30, 2020September 8, 2022

Exploration Is the Root of Great Science

In a recent editorial in science’s most prestigious outlet Science, its editor-in-chief Holden Thorp, made the point that we as … Continue reading >Exploration Is the Root of Great Science

Mastering Control Variables
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on August 3, 2020September 8, 2022

Mastering Control Variables

In fields that use statistical analysis, such as business, education, health science and social science, it is common practice to … Continue reading >Mastering Control Variables

Three Forms of Analytics Evidence
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on July 14, 2020September 8, 2022

Three Forms of Analytics Evidence

We have all heard the call to use analytics to support decision-making. That means practicing evidence-based management to base decisions … Continue reading >Three Forms of Analytics Evidence

Using People Analytics
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on March 24, 2020September 8, 2022

Using People Analytics

Managers make decisions that involve people every day—who to hire, how to train, and how to lead, just to name … Continue reading >Using People Analytics

Is It Really Big Data?
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on August 19, 2019September 8, 2022

Is It Really Big Data?

Big data has become the next big thing. In my field of industrial-organizational psychology and management there are articles about … Continue reading >Is It Really Big Data?

Pre-Plan Even If You Don’t Pre-Register
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on June 10, 2019September 8, 2022

Pre-Plan Even If You Don’t Pre-Register

The idea of pre-registering studies with journals prior to conducting a study is spreading. Many journals encourage researchers to submit … Continue reading >Pre-Plan Even If You Don’t Pre-Register

Item Format Method Variance
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on May 17, 2019April 4, 2022

Item Format Method Variance

At least since Campbell and Fiske’s (1959) classic paper on measurement, researchers have been concerned with item format as a … Continue reading >Item Format Method Variance

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