Empowering Leadership Questionnaire, ELQ. By Arnold et al. 2000, Journal of Organizational Behavior. Five subscales are Leading by Example, Participative Decision-Making, Coaching, Informing, Showing Concern/Interacting with the Team.
Leader Integrity. Simmons et al., 2007, Journal of Applied Psychology.
Supervisory Support. Greenhaus, Parasuraman & Wormley, 1990, Academy of Management Journal.
Transparency. Schnackenberg et al. 2021, Human Relations. Dimensions of Disclosure, Clarity, Accuracy.
Transparency. Hossiep et al. 2024, Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences. Short scale of Disclosure, Clarity, Accuracy.
Domain-Specific
Digital Leadership Scale, DLS. Abbu et al. 2025, Digital. Open Access. Subscales Positive attitude, Ethical use of AI, Growth mindset, Track record, Transparent Agenda, Skills acquisition, Participative style.
Health-Promoting Leadership
R.I.G.H.T. Leadership. Gulseren et al. 2021, Canadian Journal of Administrative Science. Measures five dimensions of healthy leadership model: Recognition, Involvement, Supporting growth & development, Emphasizing health & safety, Fostering teamwork.
Signs of Struggle (SOS) scale. Dimoff & Kelloway 2019, Work & Stress. Behavioral mental health checklist for managers to use with subordinates.
Leadership Style
Autocratic leadership. Chen 2011, Dissertation. Also has measure of structuring leadership.
Identity Leadership Inventory. van Dick et al. 2018, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Subscales of Identity advancement, Identity entrepreneurship, Identity impresarioship, Identity prototypicality. Used in 20 countries–translations are here.
Structuring leadership. Chen 2011, Dissertation. Also has measure of autocratic leadership.
Transformational Leadership. Measures dimensions of Articulating a Vision, Foster Acceptance of Group Goals, High Performance Expectations, Intellectual Stimulation, Providing an Appropriate Model, Providing Individualized Support. By Podsakoff et al., 1990.
Creative and Innovative Leadership. Measures dimensions of Encouraging Shared Vision, Inspiring Creativity, and Providing Individual Support. By Khalili, 2017.
Entrepreneurial Leadership. Measures behaviors, competencies, and skills for entrepreneurial leaders. By Bagheri and Harrison, 2020.
Safety Leadership. Four scales designed for different roles. By Wu et al., 2010.
Authentic Leadership Inventory, ALI. Measures dimensions of Self-Awareness, Balanced Processing, Internalized Moral Perspective and Relational Transparency. By Neider & Schriesheim, 2011.
Ethical leadership. Mayer et al. 2013, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 3-item measure.
Ethical Leadership. Yukl et al. 2013, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies.
Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire ELW. Kalshoven et al. 2011, The Leadership Quarterly. Subscales of Concern for sustainability, Ethical guidance, Fairness, Integrity, People orientation, Power sharing, Role clarification.
Ethical Leadership Inventory ELI. Spangenberg & Theron 2005, South African Journal of Business Management. Subscales Creating and sharing, Enabling, Encouraging, Implementing, Leading, Stimulating.
Leadership Virtues Questionnaire VLQ. Riggio et al. 2010, Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. Subscales of Fortitude, Justice, Prudence, Temperance.
Servant Leadership Survey, SLS. Van Dierendonck & Nuijten 2011, Journal of Business and Psychology. Subscales of Accountability, Authenticity, Courage, Empowerment, Forgiveness, Humility, Standing back, Stewardship.
Servant Leadership. Liden et al. 2008, Leadership Quarterly. Subscales of Behaving ethically, Conceptual skills, Creating value for the community, Emotional healing, Empowering, Helping subordinates grow and succeed, Putting subordinates first.