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Paul Spector

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

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Home Archive for  Research Methods

Category: Research Methods

Exploration Is the Root of Great Science
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on November 30, 2020November 30, 2020

Exploration Is the Root of Great Science

In a recent editorial in science’s most prestigious outlet Science, its editor-in-chief Holden Thorp, made the point that we as … Continue reading >Exploration Is the Root of Great Science

Mastering Control Variables
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on August 3, 2020September 13, 2020

Mastering Control Variables

In fields that use statistical analysis, such as business, education, health science and social science, it is common practice to … Continue reading >Mastering Control Variables

Three Forms of Analytics Evidence
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on July 14, 2020September 13, 2020

Three Forms of Analytics Evidence

We have all heard the call to use analytics to support decision-making. That means practicing evidence-based management to base decisions … Continue reading >Three Forms of Analytics Evidence

Using People Analytics
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on March 24, 2020September 14, 2020

Using People Analytics

Managers make decisions that involve people every day—who to hire, how to train, and how to lead, just to name … Continue reading >Using People Analytics

Is It Really Big Data?
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on August 19, 2019September 14, 2020

Is It Really Big Data?

Big data has become the next big thing. In my field of industrial-organizational psychology and management there are articles about … Continue reading >Is It Really Big Data?

Pre-Plan Even If You Don’t Pre-Register
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on June 10, 2019September 14, 2020

Pre-Plan Even If You Don’t Pre-Register

The idea of pre-registering studies with journals prior to conducting a study is spreading. Many journals encourage researchers to submit … Continue reading >Pre-Plan Even If You Don’t Pre-Register

Item Format Method Variance
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on May 17, 2019September 14, 2020

Item Format Method Variance

At least since Campbell and Fiske’s (1959) classic paper on measurement, researchers have been concerned with item format as a … Continue reading >Item Format Method Variance

Using R Is Nostalgic
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on May 13, 2019September 14, 2020

Using R Is Nostalgic

I like R because for me, using R is nostalgic. It is a nostalgic experience because R is a throwback … Continue reading >Using R Is Nostalgic

Optimizing Citations in Research Reports
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on May 9, 2019September 14, 2020

Optimizing Citations in Research Reports

Citation of external sources is a vital element in the writing of research reports, as well as other scholarly and … Continue reading >Optimizing Citations in Research Reports

Lost Art of Discovery
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on March 23, 2019September 14, 2020

Lost Art of Discovery

Science is all about discovery–the discovery of the atom, of penicillin, and of the planets in the solar system. The … Continue reading >Lost Art of Discovery

How to Optimize Cross-Sectional Research Designs
Categories: Research Methods – Posted on February 17, 2019September 14, 2020

How to Optimize Cross-Sectional Research Designs

Cross-sectional research designs are commonly vilified, but are they as limited as generally believed? In this 2019 paper, published in … Continue reading >How to Optimize Cross-Sectional Research Designs

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